Impacto socioeconómico de la emigración en la economía familiar del municipio de Sebastián de Yalí departamento de Jinotega en los años 2021-2022

En Nicaragua. La emigración es un componente importante de la naturaleza humana es un fenómeno que con el transcurrir de los años, ha ido tomando rumbos altamente complejos. Las direcciones de la emigración desde sus inicios se han condicionadas por la necesidad de la búsqueda de recursos, herramientas y lugares propicios para el desarrollo de la vida de los seres humanos es decir por intereses económicos. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación es cuantitativa ya que ella vemos elementos teórico y estadísticos sobre la emigración y su impacto económico. Y que nos permite analizar la información encontrada en base a los datos. Este traslado por una parte implica no solo cambio en términos territoriales, sino también a nivel social y cultural en este documento se analizar el impacto de la emigración en las familias en el desarrollo social y económico en los años 2021 2022; donde se genera un análisis profundo sobre lo que se ve a simple vista y que ha ocasionado ellos a partir de este fenómeno así mismo este estudio beneficiara no solo a futuros investigadores sino también a docentes. Ante esta situación las autoridades deben desarrollar formas de intervención para lograr disminuir esta situación para ayudar a la población del municipio y fortalecer la economía tanto nacional como local

Impacto socioeconómico de la emigración en la economía familiar en el Municipio de San Sebastián de Yalí en el año 2021 - 2022

En Nicaragua. La emigración es un componente importante de la naturaleza humana es un fenómeno que con el transcurrir de los años, ha ido tomando rumbos altamente complejos. Las direcciones de la emigración desde sus inicios se han condicionadas por la necesidad de la búsqueda de recursos, herramientas y lugares propicios para el desarrollo de la vida de los seres humanos es decir por intereses económicos. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación es cuantitativa ya que ella vemos elementos teórico y estadísticos sobre la emigración y su impacto económico. Y que nos permite analizar la información encontrada en base a los datos. Este traslado por una parte implica no solo cambio en términos territoriales, sino también a nivel social y cultural en este documento se analizar el impacto de la emigración en las familias en el desarrollo social y económico en los años 2021 2022; donde se genera un análisis profundo sobre lo que se ve a simple vista y que ha ocasionado ellos a partir de este fenómeno así mismo este estudio beneficiara no solo a futuros investigadores sino también a docentes. Ante esta situación las autoridades deben desarrollar formas de intervención para lograr disminuir esta situación para ayudar a la población del municipio y fortalecer la economía tanto nacional como local

Paper-based ZnO self-powered sensors and nanogenerators by plasma technology

Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable, processes for manufacturing and processing. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in PMMA and using Au electrodes in two different configurations: laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The vertical devices reach power densities as high as 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. We analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to develop robust, flexible, stretchable, and enhanced-performance nanogenerators and self-powered piezoelectric sensors compatible with inexpensive and recyclable supportsComment: 30 pages, 8 figures in main tex

Paper-based ZnO self-powered sensors and nanogenerators by plasma technology

Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable processes for manufacturing and processing. Furthermore, the emerging flexible and wearable electronics technology demands direct fabrication onto innovative substrates such as paper and plastics typically incompatible with high process temperatures. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and using Au thin layers as electrodes in two different configurations, namely laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The characterization of the vertical devices in cantilever-like mode reaches instantaneous power densities of 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. Besides, we analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to develop robust, flexible, stretchable, and enhanced-performance nanogenerators and self-powered piezoelectric sensors compatible with inexpensive and recyclable supports.</p

Paper-based ZnO self-powered sensors and nanogenerators by plasma technology

Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable processes for manufacturing and processing. Furthermore, the emerging flexible and wearable electronics technology demands direct fabrication onto innovative substrates such as paper and plastics typically incompatible with high process temperatures. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and using Au thin layers as electrodes in two different configurations, namely laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The characterization of the vertical devices in cantilever-like mode reaches instantaneous power densities of 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. Besides, we analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to develop robust, flexible, stretchable, and enhanced-performance nanogenerators and self-powered piezoelectric sensors compatible with inexpensive and recyclable supports